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Evidence-based GLP-1 & peptide discussion since 2023
ForumsPharmacology & MechanismsIncretin effect in healthy vs T2DM — May 2025

Incretin effect in healthy vs T2DM — May 2025

CryptoCarl Tue, Mar 10, 2026 at 11:29 PM 6 replies 681 viewsPage 1 of 2
CryptoCarl
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Mar 10, 2026 at 11:29 PM#1

Fasting glucose improved within weeks and my HbA1c barely moved for three months, which I now understand and did not at the time.

Because it is glucose-dependent, this class carries a low intrinsic hypoglycaemia risk on its own — the risk arrives when it is combined with insulin or a sulfonylurea, which usually need reducing.

So the question, as narrowly as I can put it: why A1C lags the way it does, and what to look at in the meantime if you want to know sooner.

If the honest answer is that nobody knows, that is a useful answer and I would rather have it.

1 21CryptoCarl
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BariatricNurseD
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Mar 11, 2026 at 12:34 AM#2
CryptoCarl said:
Fasting glucose improved within weeks and my HbA1c barely moved for three months, which I now understand and did not at the time.

My labs after 12 months on glycaemic control: A1C 5.1%, fasting glucose 86 mg/dL, fasting insulin 5 uIU/mL. My endo says these are "textbook perfect."

For context, my baseline A1C was 6.7% and fasting glucose was 111 mg/dL. The improvement has been dramatic and consistent.

50 20roxy_nash, tony_orlando, Dr.NephBHM_UK and 47 others
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Admin
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Mar 11, 2026 at 1:39 AM#3
BariatricNurseD said:
My labs after 12 months on glycaemic control: A1C 5.1%, fasting glucose 86 mg/dL, fasting insulin 5 uIU/mL.

Insulin sensitivity test (HOMA-IR) on glycaemic control — arguably the most important metabolic marker most people aren't tracking:

HOMA-IR = (fasting insulin × fasting glucose) ÷ 405

My numbers: Baseline HOMA-IR = 6.0 (insulin resistant) → Current = 1.0 (insulin sensitive)

Anything above 2.0 indicates insulin resistance. The goal is below 1.5. GLP-1 agonists address the root metabolic dysfunction, not just the symptoms. This is why they work so much better than calorie restriction alone.

Last edited: Mar 11, 2026 at 5:39 AM
49 19RegAffairsDC, BiostatsBrad, PeptideSynthNJ and 46 others
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pat_auckland
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Mar 11, 2026 at 2:44 AM#4
CryptoCarl said:
Fasting glucose improved within weeks and my HbA1c barely moved for three months, which I now understand and did not at the time.

This matches mine closely enough to be worth saying so out loud.

48 18MeganSA_TX, LarryQC_SD, wanda_boise and 45 others
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claudia_zurich
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Mar 11, 2026 at 8:54 AM#5

From the other side of the consultation, briefly.

Patient selection optimization for glycaemic control: emerging predictive biomarkers for GLP-1 agonist response include:

BiomarkerAssociationEvidence Level
Baseline BMIHigher BMI → greater absolute weight lossStrong
Fasting insulinHigher insulin → better responseModerate
GLP1R gene variantsrs6923761 → variable responsePreliminary
Baseline hsCRPHigher CRP → greater CV benefitModerate
Early weight loss (4 wk)≥3% at 4 wks → strong predictor of ≥10% at 68 wksStrong

The 4-week early responder criterion is the most clinically actionable: if you haven't lost ≥3% by week 4 at a therapeutic dose, discuss optimization strategies with your provider.

47 17kevin_tulsa, Dr.PainCLE, mike_mealprep and 44 others
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